Peppers are heat-loving plants that thrive in the warmth of summer—but whether they produce a bounty or barely survive often comes down to what happens in May. This month is critical: it’s the point where temperatures rise consistently, soil warms up, and pepper plants either launch into healthy growth or stall out completely.
To ensure a strong, productive season, here are six pepper-growing strategies that should be implemented now—before it’s too late.
1. Remove Early Flowers to Build a Strong Foundation
It might seem counterintuitive, but one of the best things to do for young pepper plants in May is to remove their early flowers.
At this stage, the plant needs to focus on:
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Root development
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Leaf and stem growth
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Structural strength
Early flowering diverts energy into producing fruit before the plant is physically prepared to support it. Removing flowers on plants under 12 inches tall ensures that the energy goes into strengthening the root system and producing more foliage—both essential for long-term productivity.
Use clean, precision pruners to gently snip off small flower buds. This simple act now results in a sturdier, more fruitful plant later.
2. Consider Topping to Encourage Bushier Growth
Topping involves cutting off the top growth of a young pepper plant to stimulate branching. While some gardeners skip this step, it has notable benefits, especially when done in May:
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Promotes compact, bushy structure
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Builds a stronger central stem
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Helps the plant better withstand summer heat
For best results, top the plant when it has at least 4–6 leaf nodes and stands about 6 to 8 inches tall. While this may slightly delay flowering, the payoff is a healthier, more manageable plant—ideal for container gardens or limited space.
3. Lock in a Consistent Watering Routine
Inconsistent watering is one of the top reasons pepper plants struggle early in the season. Their shallow root systems demand steady moisture—not periods of soaking followed by drought.
A micro-irrigation setup, such as Mr. Landscaper’s micro sprayers, can be a game-changer. These systems mimic light rainfall, distributing water evenly throughout the root zone and encouraging feeder root development.
In moderate weather (70s–80s°F), 20 minutes per day is a solid starting point. As the season heats up, increasing to 30 minutes per day may be necessary. Whatever system is used, consistency is the key.
4. Use the Right Kind of Fish Fertilizer
May is a high-demand month for nutrients. Peppers need energy to:
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Push new growth
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Support flowering
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Prepare for fruiting
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Handle rising temperatures
Traditionally, gardeners avoided high-nitrogen fish fertilizers during flowering, but updated research shows that Monterey Fish & Guano Fertilizer provides a balanced solution. Its nitrogen is delivered through three forms, releasing gradually without forcing excessive leafy growth. Plus, it includes phosphorus, potassium, calcium, magnesium, and iron—all critical for healthy blooms and fruit.
Application guidelines:
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Containers: Once a week
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Raised beds/in-ground: Once a month
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Apply as a soil drench or foliar feed, following label instructions.
5. Perform Early Pest Checks—Especially for Aphids
As the weather warms, pests like aphids become active, especially on peppers. May is the ideal time to catch infestations before they explode.
Aphids often hide on the undersides of leaves, so inspect carefully. Instead of reaching for insecticides right away, a gentle wipe using a damp cloth or sock is usually enough to remove early infestations. This non-toxic approach reduces plant stress and keeps the ecosystem balanced.
Frequent checking throughout the month can prevent serious outbreaks.
Don't Miss the May Window
Everything described above—pruning, topping, watering, fertilizing, pest checks—must happen now, not later. Peppers don’t bounce back from early-season setbacks the way other vegetables might. If the foundation isn’t strong by the end of May, chances are the plant will remain weak or unproductive throughout the summer.
Get these steps right, and the reward is a vigorous, pest-resistant plant with deep roots and a strong structure, ready to support a heavy harvest of vibrant, flavorful peppers.
Final Thoughts
May isn’t just another month on the gardening calendar—it’s a turning point for pepper growers. Take advantage of the favorable conditions, implement these strategies, and give pepper plants the best possible chance to thrive all season long.
